Social Security number eligibility for noncitizens

Check the reason for the request

SSA normally assigns numbers to noncitizens authorized to work in the United States. A number is used for earnings reporting and other lawful purposes, but receiving one does not create immigration status or permission to work.

Some government benefits or services can provide a valid nonwork reason. SSA requires evidence of that qualifying reason. A private company's preference to use an SSN as an account identifier is not the same as meeting SSA's nonwork requirements.

Ask whether a number is actually required

SSA explains that lawfully admitted noncitizens can obtain various services without an SSN and that organizations may use another identifier. If you are asked for a number you do not have, explain that situation and ask the organization about its alternative process.

This is particularly useful for school enrollment or an account request. Do not assume you must first obtain an SSN for every service, and do not use another person's number.

Choose the application channel

• Some immigrant-visa applicants request an SSN through the Department of State process before admission to the United States.
• Certain USCIS applications include an SSA request section; check whether you already used that route.
• For a direct SSA request in the United States, begin at its first-number page and follow the evidence and appointment instructions.
• International students and exchange visitors should check their additional school, employer or sponsor evidence requirements.

Prepare immigration, identity and age evidence

SSA's noncitizen publication identifies immigration records such as a Permanent Resident Card, arrival/departure record or Employment Authorization Document, depending on the situation. You must also establish identity and age. The correct combination depends on the applicant's actual documents and status.

Use original documents or issuing-agency certified copies. SSA verifies immigration documents with DHS; that verification is separate from the time a card spends in the mail. If a document is unavailable or a record cannot be verified, ask SSA what it can accept.

Keep the request with the official agencies

An SSN/card application is free through SSA. This directory cannot assess an individual's immigration status, issue a number or collect application documents. Use the official service route and keep any application receipt. If your status later changes, check whether SSA's existing record also needs an update.